[전문 + mp3] / [받아쓰기]
Yushinori Ohsumi of Japan has won the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The Nobel Assembly at Sweden’s Karolinska Institute announced the prize on Monday. The institute is honoring Ohsumi for his experiments with baker’s yeast in the 1990s. He studied a natural process in which cells break down and reuse some of their parts. This process is called autophagy. The word autophagy comes from two words in the Greek language. They are “auto-,” meaning “self,” and phagein, meaning “to eat.” The prize committee said understanding the science behind this process has led to a better understanding of diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s and type 2 diabetes. The Karolinska Institute said, “His discoveries opened the path to understanding the fundamental importance of autophagy in many physiological processes.” “Autophagy has been known for over 50 years, but its fundamental importance in physiology and medicine was only recognized after Yoshinori Ohsumi’s paradigm-shifting research,” it said. “Thanks to Ohsumi and others following in his footsteps, we now know that autophagy controls important physiological functions,” to break down and recycle cellular particles.
* win a prize = 상을 타다/ physiology = 생리학/ honor = 예우하다, 존중하다/ baker's yeast = 빵 효모/ break down = 나누어지다/ autophagy = 자기 소모, 자식(自食) 작용/ come from ~ = ~에서 나오다[비롯되다/생산되다]/ lead to ~ = ~로 이어지다, ~를 유발하다/ paradigm-shifting = 인식 체계[패러다임]를 바꾸는/ follow in one's footsteps = ~의 선례를 따르다[본받다]/ cellular particle = 세포 미립자
Ohsumi is now a professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. He told the Kyodo news agency he was “extremely honored” to get the prize. Separately, he told Japanese broadcaster NHK he had “always wanted to do something that other people wouldn’t do.” He said the breakdown of particles interested him. Christer Hogg is a professor with Sweden’s Karolinska Institute. He said the experiments helped explain important processes in human development, from growing up, to aging, to dying from a disease. “In the very early stages, your organs and your whole body is constantly being made over again – you are growing. So you need to get rid of the old stuff and generate new structures,” he told Reuters news service. “When you undergo aging, you have structures that have to be taken away, and this – autophagy – is the principle that gets rid of them.” “If you affect this system – the genes and proteins involved in autophagy – you no longer can take care of the waste, and once it accumulates, you will get some type of disease,” he said. The prize for physiology or medicine is the first Nobel Prize awarded each year. It is worth $930,000. Other Nobel prizes will be announced this week and next week.
* extremely = 극도로, 극히/ breakdown = 분해/ organ = 장기[기관]/ constantly = 끊임없이; 거듭/ generate = 만들어 내다, 발생시키다/ undergo = (특히 변화・안 좋은 일 등을) 겪다[받다]/ take away = 없애 주다, 제거하다; 치우다/ principle = (물리・자연의) 법칙; (법・규정・이론 등의 기본이 되는) 원칙[원리]/ get rid of ~ = ~을 처리하다[없애다]/ accumulate = (서서히) 늘어나다[모이다], 축적하다
