1:19
±Ùµ¥ ´õ ¾ÈÁÁÀº °Ç ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¹ú¾îÁú ÀÏÀ» Àúµµ ¾È´Ù´Â °ÅÁÒ. ¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾÁö ¾Ë¸é¼µµ ´ÙÀ½ ¹ø¿¡ ¶Ç ÇÏ°Ô µÇÁÒ. ¾Æ´Ï¸é Á¦°¡ ÀÌ·¯°í ÀÖÁÒ. Á¦°¡ À̸ÞÀÏÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °÷¿¡ ȸéÀ» ´ç°Ü »õ·Î °íÄ¡°í ¿ô±ä °Å´Â 60ÃÊ µÚ¿¡ ȸéÀ» ´ç°Ü¼ ¶Ç »õ·Î °íÃÄ¿ä. Á¦°¡ ¿Ö ÀÌ·¯´Â °É±î¿ä? ÀÌÇØ°¡ ¾È µË´Ï´Ù.
But the worst part is that I know this is what's going to happen, and even knowing that's what's going to happen doesn't stop me from doing it again the next time. Or I find myself in a situation like this, where I check my email and I pull down to refresh, But the thing is that 60 seconds later, I'll pull down to refresh again. Why am I doing this? This doesn't make any sense.
1:54
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿Ö ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ »ý±â´ÂÁö Á¦°¡ ÈùÆ®¸¦ µå¸®°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ ¿µÈº¸´Ù, °ÔÀÓÀ庸´Ù, ¾ß±¸º¸´Ù µ·À» ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Í ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀº ¾î¶²°Å¶ó°í »ý°¢Çϼ¼¿ä? ½½·Ô ¸Ó½ÅÀÌÁÒ. ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÀûÀº µ·À» °¡Áö°í ³ë´Âµ¥ ½½·Ô¸Ó½ÅÀ¸·Î ¾î¶»°Ô ±×·± ¸¹Àº µ·À» ¸¸µé°Ú¾î¿ä. ¿ì¸®´Â µ¿ÀüÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁÒ. ¾î¶»°Ô °¡´ÉÇÒ±î¿ä? »ç½ÇÀº Á¦ ÇÚµåÆùÀº ½½·Ô¸Ó½Å °°Àº °Ì´Ï´Ù. Á¦°¡ ÇÚµåÆùÀ» ¼ö½Ã·Î È®ÀÎÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ½½·Ô¸Ó½ÅÀ» ´ç°Ü¼ È®ÀÎÀ» ÇÏÁÒ. À̹ø¿£ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¶¤À»±î? À̹ø¿£ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¶¤À»±î? Á¦°¡ À̸ÞÀÏÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ½½·Ô¸Ó½ÅÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Ì´Ï´Ù. "¾ó¸¶³ª µþ±î?" ¸»Çϸé¼. Á¦°¡ ´º½ºÇǵ带 È®ÀÎÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ½½·Ô¸Ó½ÅÀ» ´ç°Ü È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °Ì´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿£ ¾ó¸¶³ª µþ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? Áß¿äÇÑ °Ç ÀÌ°Ì´Ï´Ù. ¶Ç, ÀÌ°Ô ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ¾ßÁÒ. Àú´Â µðÀÚÀ̳ÊÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ½É¸®ÇÐÀÌ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´ÂÁö Á¤È®È÷ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ°í »óȲÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô µ¹¾Æ°¡´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ¿ä. ±Ùµ¥ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¾øÀ» »ÓÀÌÁÒ. Àú´Â ±×³É Âü´Â ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾î¿ä.
But I'll give you a hint why this is happening. What do you think makes more money in the United States than movies, game parks and baseball combined? Slot machines. How can slot machines make all this money when we play with such small amounts of money? We play with coins. How is this possible? Well, the thing is ... my phone is a slot machine. Every time I check my phone, I'm playing the slot machine to see, what am I going to get? What am I going to get? Every time I check my email, I'm playing the slot machine, saying, "What am I going to get?" Every time I scroll a news feed, I'm playing the slot machine to see, what am I going to get next? And the thing is that, again, knowing exactly how this works -- and I'm a designer, I know exactly how the psychology of this works, I know exactly what's going on -- but it doesn't leave me with any choice, I still just get sucked into it.
3:11
±×·¡¼ ¿ì¸®´Â ¹«¾ó ÇÏ°Ô µÉ±î¿ä? ±â¼ú°ú ¸ð ¾Æ´Ï¸é µµÀÇ °ü°è¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸ÁÒ? ÄѼ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î Ç×»ó »ê¸¸ÇØÁö°Å³ª ²ôÁö¸¸ °ÆÁ¤À» ÇÏÁÒ. ³»°¡ ¹«½¼ Áß¿äÇÑ °É ³õÃƳª? ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î ÁýÁß·ÂÀÌ »ê¸¸ÇØÁö°Å³ª Áß¿äÇÑ °É ³õÄ¥±îºÁ °ÆÁ¤ÇÏÁÒ. ±×·¸ÁÒ?
So what are we going to do? Because it leaves us with this all-or-nothing relationship with technology, right? You're either on, and you're connected and distracted all the time, or you're off, but then you're wondering, am I missing something important? In other words, you're either distracted or you have fear of missing out. Right?
3:37
±×·¡¼ ¿ì¸®´Â ¼±ÅÃÀ» À籸¼º ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ¾î¿ä. ¿ì¸®´Â ±â¼ú°ú °ü°è¸¦ °¡Áö°í ½ÍÀºµ¥ ½Ã°£À» º¸³»´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±ÅñÇÀ» µÇã°í ½Í¾î¿ä. µðÀÚÀ̳ʵéÀÇ µµ¿òÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°ÚÁÒ. Áö½Ä¸¸À¸·Î ÇØ°áÀÌ µÇÁú ¾ÊÀ¸´Ï±î¿ä. µðÀÚÀÎÀÇ µµ¿òÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ¾î¶»°Ô µÉ±î¿ä?
So we need to restore choice. We want to have a relationship with technology that gives us back choice about how we spend time with it, and we're going to need help from designers, because knowing this stuff doesn't help. We're going to need design help. So what would that look like?
4:01
¿ì¸®°¡ ¸¶ÁÖÄ¥ ¿¹½Ã¸¦ Çѹø º¾½Ã´Ù. äÆà (¹®ÀÚº¸³»±â). ¿©±â µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇսôÙ. ¿ÞÂÊ ³½½Ã´Â ¼·ù ÀÛ¼ºÀ» ÇÏ°í Àֳ׿ä. ¿À¸¥ÂÊÀº Á¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¸Àº °©Àڱ⠶°¿Ã¸³´Ï´Ù. "±î¸Ô±â Àü¿¡ ³½½ÃÇÑÅ× ¼·ù¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹°¾îºÁ¾ß°Ú´Ù." ±×¸®°í Á¸Àº ³½½ÃÀÇ ÁýÁß·ÂÀ» ÈåÆ®¸®´Â ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ º¸³À´Ï´Ù.
So let's take an example that we all face: chat -- text messaging. So let's say there's two people. Nancy's on the left and she's working on a document, and John's on the right. And John suddenly remembers, "I need to ask Nancy for that document before I forget." So when he sends her that message, it blows away her attention.
4:26
¿ì¸®°¡ ´Ã ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀº ¼·Î ÁýÁß·ÂÀ» ¹Ð¾î¹ö¸®´Â °ÅÁÒ. ¿ÞÂÊÀ̳ª ¿À¸¥ÂÊÀ̳ª. ±×¸®°í °ªÀ» Ä¡·¯¾ß¸¸ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼·Î¸¦ ¹æÇØÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ´Ù½Ã ÁýÁßÇϴµ¥ Æò±Õ 23ºÐÀÌ °É¸³´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â »ç½Ç ¿ø·¡ ÇÏ´ø ÀÏÀ» Çϱâ Àü¿¡ µÎ °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î¼ÒÇÁÆ® ¼³¹®Á¶»ç¿Í À¶ÇÕµÈ ±Û·Î¸®¾Æ ¸¶Å©¾¾ÀÇ ¼³¹®Á¶»ð´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ Çö»óÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÆÁÒ. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ Çö»óÀÌ °á±¹ ³ª»Û ½À°üÀ» Çü¼º½ÃŲ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿ÜÀûÀ¸·Î ¹æÇظ¦ ´õ ¹ÞÀ»¼ö·Ï ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹æÇØÇÏ°Ô²û Á¶°ÇÀ» ¸¸µé°í ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ½ÃÅ°ÁÒ. ¿ì¸®´Â »ç½Ç 3.5 ºÐ¸¶´Ù ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹æÇØÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
That's what we're doing all the time, bulldozing each other's attention, left and right. And there's serious cost to this, because every time we interrupt each other, it takes us about 23 minutes, on average, to refocus our attention. We actually cycle through two different projects before we come back to the original thing we were doing. This is Gloria Mark's research combined with Microsoft research, that showed this. And her research also shows that it actually trains bad habits. The more interruptions we get externally, it's conditioning and training us to interrupt ourselves. We actually self-interrupt every three-and-a-half minutes.
5:12
À§ÇèÇÏÁÒ. ÀÌ°É ¾î¶»°Ô °íÄ¥±î¿ä? ³½½Ã¿Í Á¸Àº '¸ð ¾Æ´Ï¸é µµ' °ü°è¿¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ³½½Ã´Â ¿¬°áÀ» ²÷°í ½ÍÁö¸¸ ±×·¯°í¼± °ÆÁ¤ÀÌ µé°ÚÁÒ. ¹«½¼ Áß¿äÇÑ °É ³õÄ¡¸é ¾î¶±ÇÏÁö?
This is crazy. So how do we fix this? Because Nancy and John are in this all-or-nothing relationship. Nancy might want to disconnect, but then she'd be worried: What if I'm missing something important?
5:23
ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ µðÀÚÀÎÀ¸·Î Ç® ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ³½½Ã°¡ ¿ÞÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í Çغ¾½Ã´Ù. Á¸Àº ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ°í¿ä. Á¸Àº "³½½Ã¿¡°Ô ¹®¼¸¦ º¸³»¾ßÁö"¶ó°í ±â¾ïÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ À̹ø¿¡´Â ³½½Ã´Â ÁýÁßÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¿ä. ±×³à°¡ ½½¶óÀ̵带 ³»¸®°ï ¸»ÇÏÁÒ. "30ºÐµ¿¾È¸¸ ÁýÁßÇÏ°í ½Í¾î¿ä" §, ±×³à´Â ÁýÁßÇßÁÒ. ÀÌÁ¦ Á¸Àº ³½½Ã¿¡°Ô ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ º¸³»°í ½ÍÀ» ¶§ ½Å°æÀ» ¾²Áö ¾Ê¾Æµµ µË´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ¼·ù¸¦ º¸³»¾ß ÇÏ°í ±×·± »ý°¢À» °®°í ÀÖ°í Àؾî¹ö¸®±â Àü¿¡ ÀÏÀ» ó¸®ÇØ¾ß ÇØ¿ä. À̹ø¸¸ »©°í¿ä. ³½½Ã°¡ ÁýÁßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¸Þ¼¼Áö´Â º¸·ù½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Á¸Àº Àؾî¹ö·Áµµ µÇÁÒ.
Design can fix this problem. Let's say you have Nancy again on the left, John on the right. And John remembers, "I need to send Nancy that document." Except this time, Nancy can mark that she's focused. Let's say she drags a slider and says, "I want to be focused for 30 minutes," so -- bam -- she's focused. Now when John wants to message her, he can get the thought off of his mind -- because he has a need, he has this thought, and he needs to dump it out before he forgets. Except this time, it holds the messages so that Nancy can still focus, but John can get the thought off of his mind.
6:01
±×·¯³ª ÇÑ °¡Áö¸¸ È®½ÇÇÏ´Ù¸é È¿·ÂÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Á¤¸» Áß¿äÇÑ »óȲÀÏ ¶§´Â ³½½Ã°¡ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÅÁÒ. Á¸Àº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ±×³à¸¦ ¹æÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¿ä. ¹«ÀǽÄÁß¿¡ °è¼Ó Àǹ̾ø´Â ¹æÇظ¦ ÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡ ÀÌÁ¦ ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµéÀ» °í¾ÈÇÏ´Â °Ì´Ï´Ù.
But this only works if one last thing is true, which is that Nancy needs to know that if something is truly important, John can still interrupt. But instead of having constant accidental or mindless interruptions, we're now only creating conscious interruptions.
6:23
¿©±â¼ µÎ °¡Áö¸¦ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³½½Ã¿Í Á¸¿¡°Ô »õ·Î¿î ¼±ÅûçÇ×À» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °Å¿¡¿ä. ±×¸®°í ¿©±â ¹Ì¹¦ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â µÎ¹ø°°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ´äÇÏ´Â Áú¹®À» ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÅÁÒ. äÆÃÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀÎ "¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ º¸³»±â ½±°Ô µðÀÚÀÎÇÏÀÚ" ±×°Ô äÆÃÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀε¥ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ º¸³»´Â °Ô Á¤¸» ½¬¿ö¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀúÈñ´Â Á¶±Ý ´õ ±í°í °¡Ä¡ÀÖ´Â ¸ñÇ¥·Î ¹æÇâÀ» ÀüȯÇß½À´Ï´Ù. "µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÇ °ü°è¿¡¼ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÃÖ»óÀÇ Ç°ÁúÀÇ ´ëȸ¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾îº¸ÀÚ." ±×·¸°Ô ÀúÈñ´Â ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ »óÇâ½ÃÄ×ÁÒ.
So we're doing two things here. We're creating a new choice for both Nancy and John, But there's a second, subtle thing we're doing here, too. And it's that we're changing the question we're answering. Instead of the goal of chat being: "Let's design it so it's easy to send a message" -- that's the goal of chat, it should be really easy to send a message to someone -- we change the goal to something deeper and a human value, which is: "Let's create the highest possible quality communication in a relationship between two people. So we upgraded the goal.
7:02
¿©±â¼ Àá±ñ µðÀÚÀ̳ʵéÀÌ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ½Å°æÀ» ¾µ±î¿ä? ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®µéÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÇ ±Ã±ØÀû ¸ñÇ¥¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ¸»ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ»±î¿ä? ÀÚ, ¿©±â À̾߱Ⱑ Çϳª ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àϳâ Âë Àü¿¡ Àú´Â ±â¼úÀ» ÁÖµµÇÏ´Â ¸î¸î µðÀÚÀÌ³Ê¿Í Æ½³´ÇÑÀÇ ¸¸³²À» ÁغñÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ƽ³´ÇÑÀº ¸¶À½Ã¬±è ¸í»ó¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ´ëº¯ÀÎÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±× ¸¸³²Àº °¡Àå ÈǸ¢Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ¹æÀ» ¶°¿Ã·Á »ó»óÇغ¸¼¼¿ä. ¹æÀÇ ÇÑ ÂÊ¿¡´Â ±â¼ú Àü¹®°¡°¡ ¸ð¿© ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹æÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ÂÊ¿¡´Â ±ä °¥»öÀÇ °¡»ç¸¦ ÀÔ°í ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ±ðÀº ºÒ±³ ½Â·ÁµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ½É¿ÀÇÑ Áú¹®°ú ½É¿ÀÇÑ Àΰ£ÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ À§ÇØ µðÀÚÀÎÀ» ÇÒ ¶§ ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ±â¼úÀÌ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¾ç»óÀ» º¸ÀÏÁö ±×·± °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½É¿ÀÇÑ Àΰ£ÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ ´Ù·ç´Â Áú¹®µéÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁý´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀúÈñÀÇ ´ëÈ´Â ±×·± °ÍµéÀÌ ¾î¶² °¡Ä¡ÀÏ±î µè´Â °Í¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃä´Ï´Ù. ¿ì½º°¹¼Ò¸®·Î ¸ÂÃã¹ýÀ» °Ë»çÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡ ÀÚºñ½ÉÀ» °Ë»çÇÏ¸é ¾î¶³±î ´©±º°¡¿¡°Ô °Å½½¸®´Â ¸»ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ´Â °ÅÁÒ.
Now, do designers actually care about this? Do we want to have conversations about what these deeper human goals are? Well, I'll tell you one story. A little over a year ago, I got to help organize a meeting between some of technology's leading designers and Thich Nhat Hanh. Thich Nhat Hanh is an international spokesperson for mindfulness meditation. And it was the most amazing meeting. You have to imagine -- picture a room -- on one side of the room, you have a bunch of tech geeks; on the other side of the room, you have a bunch of long brown robes, shaved heads, Buddhist monks. And the questions were about the deepest human values, like what does the future of technology look like when you're designing for the deepest questions and the deepest human values? And our conversation centered on listening more deeply to what those values might be. He joked in our conversation that what if, instead of a spell check, you had a compassion check, meaning, you might highlight a word that might be accidentally abrasive -- perceived as abrasive by someone else.
8:15
ÀÌ·± ´ëȾç»óÀÌ µðÀÚÀΠȸÀÇ¿¡¼¸¸ ÀϾ´Â °Ô ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀϾ±î¿ä? ´äÀº "±×·¸´Ù"ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â Ä«¿ìÄ¡ ¼ÇÎÀ» Áñ±é´Ï´Ù. Ä«¿ìÄ¡ ¼ÇÎÀº ¿©ÇàÀÚ¿¡°Ô °øÂ¥ ¼îÆĸ¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â, ¼÷¼Ò¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé°ú ¿¬°á½ÃÄÑÁÖ´Â À¥»çÀÌÆ®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
So does this kind of conversation happen in the real world, not just in these design meetings? Well, the answer is yes, and one of my favorites is Couchsurfing. If you didn't know, Couchsurfing is a website that matches people who are looking for a place to stay with a free couch, from someone who's trying to offer it.
8:37
ÁÁÀº ¼ºñ½ºÁÒ. ±×µéÀÇ µðÀÚÀÎ ¸ñÇ¥´Â ¹«¾ùÀϱî¿ä? ´ç½ÅÀÌ Ä«¿ìÄ¡ ¼Çο¡ ÀÏÇÑ´Ù¸é ¹«¾ùÀ» µðÀÚÀÎ ÇÒ°Ç°¡¿ä? ´ç½ÅÀº Áý ÁÖÀΰú ¹æ¹®°´À» ¿¬°á½ÃÄÑÁØ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°ÚÁÒ. ±×·¸ÁÒ? ÁÁÀº ¸ñÇ¥À̱ä ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸Þ½ÅÀú¸¦ µðÀÚÀÎ ÇÒ ¶§ÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥¿Í ºñ½ÁÇϱº¿ä. ±×³É ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â °Í.
So, great service -- what would their design goal be? What are you designing for if you work at Couchsurfing? Well, you would think it's to match guests with hosts. Right? That's a pretty good goal. But that would kind of be like our goal with messaging before, where we're just trying to deliver a message.
8:56
Á» ´õ ±í°Ô °¡º¾½Ã´Ù, ÀηùÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥? ±×µéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁÒ. ¸¸³ªº» Àû ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷µé³¢¸® ÁÁÀº °æÇè°ú °ü°è¸¦ À̾°¥ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¸¸µé ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ¾î¿ä. °¡Àå ³î¶ó¿î °ÍÀº 2007³âµµ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µðÀÚÀ̳ʵéÀº ³î¶ø°Ôµµ À̸¦ Àê ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦½ÃÇßÁÒ. Á¦°¡ ¼³¸íµå¸±°Ô¿ä. ¸ðµç µðÀÚÀÎ ¸ñÇ¥¿¡ ´ëÇØ »óÃæÇÏ´Â ÃøÁ¤¹ýÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹» ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ¾ßÁÒ. ¼º°øÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±Ý¹æ ¸¸³ µÎ »ç¶÷À» ¿¹·Î µé¾î ÇÔ²² º¸³½ ¼ö¸¹Àº ³¯µé ±× ³¯ Áß¿¡¼ ¸î ½Ã°£À» ÇÔ²² º¸³Â´ÂÁö ÃøÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇÔ²² º¸³½ ½Ã°£Àº ¸î ½Ã°£À̳ª µÉ±î¿ä? ±×µéÀÌ ÇÔ²² ½Ã°£À» º¸³½ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¼·Î¿¡°Ô ¹¯½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °æÇèÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ±àÁ¤ÀûÀ̾ú½À´Ï±î? ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¸¸³µ´ø ÀÌ »ç¶÷°ú ÁÁÀº °æÇèÀ» ½×¾Ò½À´Ï±î? ±×¸®°ï ±×µéÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÎÅͳÝÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ ½Ã°£¿¡¼ ±× ±àÁ¤ÀûÀ̾ú´ø ½Ã°£µéÀ» »®´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°Ô »îÀÇ °ª¾îÄ¡´Ï±î¿ä. ¿Ö ¿ì¸®´Â À̸¦ ¼º°øÀ¸·Î Ä¡ºÎÇÒ±î¿ä? ±×¸®°í ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ³²Àº °ÍÀº "ÀÎÅͳÝÀ¸·Î Æí°îµÈ ¿¬ÁÖ°î"À̶ó ºÒ¸±¸¸ÇÑ °ÍÀÌÁÒ. ¾Æ´Ï¸é ±×Àú ÀÎÅͳÝÀ¸·Î ÁÁÀº ½Ã°£ º¸³½°Å°í¿ä. Ä«¿ìÄ¡ ¼ÇÎÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é ÀÎÅͳÝÀ¸·Î º¸³¾ ½Ã°£µµ ¾ø°ÚÁÒ.
So what's the deeper, human goal? Well, they set their goal as the need to create lasting, positive experiences and relationships between people who've never met before. And the most amazing thing about this was in 2007, they introduced a way to measure this, which is incredible. I'll tell you how it works. For every design goal you have, you have to have a corresponding measurement to know how you're doing -- a way of measuring success. So what they do is, let's say you take two people who meet up, and they take the number of days those two people spent together, and then they estimate how many hours were in those days -- how many hours did those two people spend together? And then after they spend that time together, they ask both of them: How positive was your experience? Did you have a good experience with this person that you met? And they subtract from those positive hours the amount of time people spent on the website, because that's a cost to people's lives. Why should we value that as success? And what you were left with is something they refer to as "net orchestrated conviviality," or, really, just a net "Good Times" created. The net hours that would have never existed, had Couchsurfing not existed.
10:19
¸ÅÀÏ ÀÏÇÏ·¯ ¿Í¼ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¼º°øÀ» Àê ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¾ó¸¶³ª ¿µ°¨ÀûÀÏÁö »ó»óÇغ¸¼Ì³ª¿ä? ±àÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »î¿¡ »õ·Ó°Ô ±â¿©ÇÑ ½ÇÁ¦ ½Ã°£Àº ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¿À´Ã³¯ ÇÏ·Á´ø °ÍÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» Áöµµ ¸ð¸£ÁÒ. Àü ¼¼°è°¡ ±×·¸°Ô ÀÏÀ» ÇÑ´Ù¸é?
Can you imagine how inspiring it would be to come to work every day and measure your success in the actual net new contribution of hours in people's lives that are positive, that would have never existed if you didn't do what you were about to do at work today? Can you imagine a whole world that worked this way?
10:42
¸Þ½ÅÀú°¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô µÉÁö »ó»óÇغ¸¼Ì³ª¿ä . ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¿ä¸®¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» µÐ´ÙÇսôÙ. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¿ä¸®ÇÑ ¹ãµé°ú ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÐ¾î¼ ±â»¼´ø ±â»çµé·Î ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¼º°øÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í ´ç½ÅÀÌ Àб⠺ÒÆíÇß´ø ±â»çµé°ú ¹«ÀǹÌÇÏ°Ô ¸¶¿ì½º¸¦ ³»¸®´ø ½Ã°£µéÀ» ÃøÁ¤µÈ ½Ã°£¿¡¼ Â÷°¨ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ »çȸ±â¹Ý ¼ºñ½º·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø Àΰ£°ü°è¿Í º¸³Â´ø ¸Þ¼¼Áöµé·Î ¼º°øÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±â»Ú°Ô Á¦¾È¹Þ¾Ò´ø Á÷¾÷µé·Î ¼º°øÀÌ ÃøÁ¤ÀÌ µÈ´Ù°í »ó»óÀ» Çغ¸¼¼¿ä. ±×¸®°í À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡ ÅõÀÚÇÑ ½Ã°£À» »©´Â°ÅÁÒ. ¶Ç´Â µ¥ÀÌÆ® ¼ºñ½º¸¦ º¾½Ã´Ù. ƾ´õ °°Àº °Íµé ¸»ÀÌÁÒ. ¿À´Ã ¼º°øÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿ÞÂÊ ¿À¸¥ÂÊÀ¸·Î ½ºÅ©·ÑÀ» ³Ñ±â´Â °É ¼¼´Â ´ë½Å¿¡ ±í°í, ³¶¸¸ÀûÀÌ°í, ¼ºÃë°¨ ÀÖ´Â ´À³¦À» ´À²¼´Â°¡¿¡ µû¶ó ÃøÁ¤À» Çغ¾´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¸»ÀÌÁÒ.
Can you imagine a social network that -- let's say you care about cooking, and it measured its success in terms of cooking nights organized and the cooking articles that you were glad you read, and subtracted from that the articles you weren't glad you read or the time you spent scrolling that you didn't like? Imagine a professional social network that, instead of measuring its success in terms of connections created or messages sent, instead measured its success in terms of the job offers that people got that they were excited to get. And subtracted the amount of time people spent on the website. Or imagine dating services, like maybe Tinder or something, where instead of measuring the number of swipes left and right people did, which is how they measure success today, instead measured the deep, romantic, fulfilling connections people created. Whatever that was for them, by the way.
11:42
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÌ ÀÌ·¸°Ô µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù°í »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ³ª¿ä? ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ½Ã°£À» Àß º¸³Â´Ù°í Çϱ⿡ ¸»ÀÌÁÒ. À̸¦ À§Çؼ± »õ·Î¿î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý °æÁ¦°¡ ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ °æ±â°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ º¸³½½Ã°£À¸·Î ÃøÁ¤µÉ°Å¶ó »ý°¢ÇÒÅ×ÁÒ. »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ´õ ¸¹À»¼ö·Ï »ç¿ë·üÀÌ ´õ ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½Ã°£À» ´õ ¾µ¼ö·Ï ÀÌ ±âÁØ¿¡ ¼º°øÀÇ Ã´µµ¸¦ °¡¸£ÁÒ.
But can you imagine a whole world that worked this way, that was helping you spend your time well? Now to do this you also need a new system, because you're probably thinking, today's Internet economy -- today's economy in general -- is measured in time spent. The more users you have, the more usage you have, the more time people spend, that's how we measure success.
12:05
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ¹®Á¦¸¦ Ç®¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Á¤¸» ±ú²ýÇÏ°Ô ÇØ°áÇßÁÒ. ¿ì¸®°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î °¡Ä¡¸¦ ¸Å°Ü¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÒ¶§ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ù¶ó°í À̾߱â ÇßÁÒ. ±×·¡¼ °¡°Ý¸¸À¸·Î ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¹üÁÖÀÇ À½½ÄÀ̴ϱî¿ä. ÀúÈñ´Â ¸®µå Áõ¸íÀ¸·Î ÇØ°áÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿©±â°¡ ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ °Ç¹°À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ °÷¿¡¼ ȯ°æÀÇ Áö¼Ó°¡´É¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ °¡Ä¡¸¦ ¼¼¿üÁÒ.
But we've solved this problem before. We solved it with organic, when we said we need to value things a different way. We said this is a different kind of food. So we can't compare it just based on price; this is a different category of food. We solved it with Leed Certification, where we said this is a different kind of building that stood for different values of environmental sustainability.
12:33
ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ±â¼ú¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é¿ä? ÃÑüÀû ¸ñÇ¥¿Í ¸ñÀûÀÌ ÀηùÀÇ »î¿¡ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÅÍ³Ý »ó¿¡¼ ±â¿©¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é¿ä? ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®°¡ À̸¦ ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î °¡Ä¡¸¦ ¸Å±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é¿ä. Á¤¸»·Î È¿°ú°¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÒ±î¿ä? ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾Û½ºÅä¾î¿¡¼ ÇÁ¸®¹Ì¾ö ¼±¹Ý½ºÆäÀ̽º¸¦ Á¦°øÇß´Ù°í »ó»óÇغ¸¼¼¿ä. ´Ù¸¥ µðÀÚÀÎ »óÇ°µé·Î À̲ø¾î ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¥ºê¶ó¿ìÀú°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù°í »ó»óÇغ¸¼¼¿ä. ±×·± ¼¼»óÀ» âÁ¶Çؼ »ì¸é ¾ó¸¶³ª Èï¹Ì·Î¿ïÁö »ó»óÇغþî¿ä?
What if we had something like that for technology? What if we had something whose entire purpose and goal was to help create net new positive contributions to human life? And what if we could value it a different way, so it would actually work? Imagine you gave this different premium shelf space on app stores. Imagine you had web browsers that helped route you to these kinds of design products. Can you imagine how exciting it would be to live and create that world?
13:12
¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·± ¼¼»óÀ» âÁ¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ȸ»çÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚ ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ÇÒ ÀÏÀº »õ·Î¿î ¹ÌÅ͹ý ÀηùÀÇ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý »î¿¡ ±àÁ¤Àû ±â¿©¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ¹ÌÅ͹ýÀ» ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§·Î µÎ°í Á¤Á÷ÇÑ ´ëȸ¦ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶ ½ÃÀÛÀÌ ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ ´ëȸ¦ ½ÃÀÛÇغ¸ÁÒ.
We can create this world today. Company leaders, all you have to do -- only you can prioritize a new metric, which is your metric for net positive contribution to human life. And have an honest conversation about that. Maybe you're not doing so well to start with, but let's start that conversation.
13:34
µðÀÚÀÌ³Ê ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀº ¼º°ø°ú µðÀÚÀÎÀ» ÀçÁ¤ÀÇ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÁÖÀåÇϰǵ¥ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ Á¶Á÷¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù »ì¾Æ°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼±ÅñÇÀ» ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ ÈξÀ ´õ ÈûÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÇ·á°è¿¡´Â È÷Æ÷Å©¶óÅ×½ºÀÇ ¼±¼°¡ ÀÖ¾î ȯÀÚµéÀ» µ¹º¼ ¶§ ´õ ³ôÀº °¡Ä¡¿Í Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÀÎÁöÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ µðÀÚÀ̳ʵ鵵 »õ·Î¿î µðÀÚÀο¡ ´ëÇØ ±×¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ °Ô ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¾î¶³±î¿ä?
Designers, you can redefine success; you can redefine design. Arguably, you have more power than many people in your organization to create the choices that all of us live by. Maybe like in medicine, where we have a Hippocratic oath to recognize the responsibility and this higher value that we have to treat patients. What if designers had something like that, in terms of this new kind of design?
14:01
±×¸®°í ¿ì¸® »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇØ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ±â¼úÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°ÅÁÒ. Èûµé ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °Ì´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¼ÒºñÀÚÀÇ ¿ä±¸°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é ¸Æµµ³¯µå¿¡ »ø·¯µå°¡ ¾ø¾ú°ÚÁÒ. ¼ÒºñÀÚÀÇ ¿ä±¸°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é ¿ù¸¶Æ®¿¡ À¯±â³ó À½½ÄÀÌ ¾ø¾ú°ÚÁÒ. ¿ì¸®´Â »õ·Î¿î Á¾·ùÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¿ä. ±×¸®°í ½ÇõÀº »ç¿ëÇÑ ½Ã°£¸¸À» ±Ù°Å·Î ¿î¿ëµÈ ¼¼»óÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Àß »ç¿ëÇÑ ½Ã°£À¸·Î ¿î¿ëµÇ´Â ¼¼»óÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀÌÁÒ.
And users, for all of us -- we can demand technology that works this way. Now it may seem hard, but McDonald's didn't have salads until the consumer demand was there. Walmart didn't have organic food until the consumer demand was there. We have to demand this new kind of technology. And we can do that. And doing that would amount to shifting from a world that's driven and run entirely on time spent, to world that's driven by time well spent.
14:42
Àú´Â ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ »ì°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ´ëÈ°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³À¸¸é ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ´ëȸ¦ ½ÃÀÛÇսôÙ.
I want to live in this world, and I want this conversation to happen. Let's start that conversation now.
14:50
°¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Thank you.
14:51 (¹Ú¼ö)