0:12 Á¦°¡ ±â¾ïÇÏ´Â ÇÑ ÀüÀïÀº Á¦ ÀλýÀÇ ÀϺο´½À´Ï´Ù.Àú´Â ¼Ò·Ã ħ°ø 6°³¿ù ÈÄ ¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅº¿¡¼ ž½À´Ï´Ù.´ç½Ã Àú´Â »óȲÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϱ⿣ ³Ê¹« ¾î¸° ³ªÀÌ¿´Áö¸¸Àú´Â ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ±«·Î¿ò°ú µÎ·Á¿òÀ» °¡½¿ ±íÀÌ ´À³¥ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. War has been a part of my life since I can remember.I was born in Afghanistan, just six months after the Soviets invaded,and even though I was too young to understand what was happening,I had a deep sense of the suffering and the fear around me.
2:05 Àú´Â ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¿¡Æ¼¿ÀÇÇ¾Æ È°µ¿°¡ ±×·ìÀ» ¸¸³µ½À´Ï´Ù.±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº Á¦°¡ Æò¼Ò¿¡ ¸¹ÀÌ µè´Â À̾߱⸦ Çß½À´Ï´Ù.¸»Çϱ⸦ ±×µéÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ºñÆø·Â ÇൿÀ» ½ÃµµÇØ º¸¾Ò°íÅëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í Çß½À´Ï´Ù.¼ö³â Àü¿¡ ±×µéÀº ½ÃÀ§¸¦ Çß½À´Ï´Ù.Á¤ºÎ°¡ Àü¿ø üÆ÷Çß°í ±×·¸°Ô ½ÃÀ§°¡ ³¡³µ½À´Ï´Ù.ºñÆø·Â ÀúÇ×À» °Å¸®½ÃÀ§¿Í µ¿ÀϽÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌÁøÂ¥ ¹®Á¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.ºñ·Ï ½ÃÀ§´Â º¯È¸¦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌÁö¸¸½ÃÀ§ ÀÚü·Î´Â ½ÇÁ¦·Î º¯È¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³»Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.Àû¾îµµ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ º¯È´Â ¸»ÀÌÁÒ. I met recently with a group of Ethiopian activists,and they told me something that I hear a lot.They said they'd already tried nonviolent action,and it hadn't worked.Years ago they held a protest.The government arrested everyone, and that was the end of that.The idea that nonviolent struggle is equivalent to street protestsis a real problem.Because although protests can be a great way to show that people want change,on their own, they don't actually create change --at least change that is fundamental.
2:37 (¿ôÀ½) (Laughter)
2:38 °·ÂÇÑ »ó´ë¹æÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»Ä£ÀýÇÏ°Ô ºÎŹÇصµ ÁÖÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.ȤÀº ºÒÄ£ÀýÇÏ°Ô ºÎŹÇصµ ¸»ÀÌÁÒ. Powerful opponents are not going to give people what they wantjust because they asked nicely ...or even not so nicely.
2:46 (¿ôÀ½) (Laughter)
2:47 ºñÆø·Â ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀº »ó´ë¸¦ ¹«³Ê¶ß¸®´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ ÈûÀ¸·Î°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ»ó´ë°¡ ÈûÀ» °®±â À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¦µµ¸¦ ÆľÇÇÏ°í±× ±Ù¿øÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.ºñÆø·Â È°µ¿°¡µéÀº ±ºÀεéÀ» ¶°³ª°Ô ¸¸µé¾î±º´ë¸¦ ¹«·ÂÈ ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.Æľ÷°ú ºÒ¸Å¿îµ¿À» ÅëÇØ °æÁ¦¸¦ µÚÁýÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.±×¸®°í Á¤ºÎ ¼±ÀüÀ» ¹Ý¹ÚÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.´ë¾È¹Ìµð¾î¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î¼ ¸»ÀÌÁÒ. Nonviolent struggle works by destroying an opponent,not physically,but by identifying the institutions that an opponent needs to survive,and then denying them those sources of power.Nonviolent activists can neutralize the militaryby causing soldiers to defect.They can disrupt the economy through strikes and boycotts.And they can challenge government propagandaby creating alternative media.
3:12 ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ö ¸¹Àº ¹æ¹ýµéÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.Á¦ µ¿·áÀÌÀÚ ¸àÅäÀÎ Áø »þÇÁ(Gene Sharp)´Â198°¡Áö ºñÆø·Â ÇൿÀ» ±¸ºÐÁö¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.±×¸®°í ½ÃÀ§´Â ±×Áß ÇϳªÀÏ »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù.ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¿¹¸¦ ¸»¾¸µå¸®°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. There are a variety of methods that can be used to do this.My colleague and mentor, Gene Sharp,has identified 198 methods of nonviolent action.And protest is only one.Let me give you a recent example.
3:29 ºÒ°ú ¸î ´Þ Àü±îÁö°úÅ׸»¶ó´Â ºÎÆÐÇÑ Àü ±ºÀÎ Àå±³°¡ Áö¹èÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú°íÁ¶Á÷ ¹üÁ˿͵µ ¿¬·çµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.»ç¶÷µéÀº º¸Åë ÀÌ »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸´ëºÎºÐ ¹«·Â°¨À» ´À³¢°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.¾î´À ³¯ 12¸í»ÓÀÎ ÇÑ ½Ã¹Î´Üü°¡ÆäÀ̽ººÏÀ» ÅëÇØ Ä£±¸µéÀ» ºÒ·¯Áß¾Ó±¤Àå¿¡ ÀÌ·± ÆÖ¸»À» µé°í ¸ðÀ̱â·Î Çß½À´Ï´Ù."Renuncia YA"ÀÌ¹Ì »çÀÓÇß´Ù.³î¶ó¿î ÀÏÀº3¸¸ ¸íÀÌ Âü¼®Çß´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.»ç¶÷µéÀº Àü±¹¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ½ÃÀ§°¡ ÆÛÁö¸é¼ ¸î ´Þ µ¿¾È ¸Ó¹°·¶½À´Ï´Ù.ÇÑ ¹øÀº½ÃÀ§ ÁÖüÀÚµéÀÌ ¼ö¹é °³ÀÇ ´Þ°¿À» Á¤ºÎ û»ç °Ç¹° °÷°÷¿¡¸Þ½ÃÁö¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡Á®´Ù ³õ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù."¸¸¾à¿¡ ´Þ°¿ÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼"'¹è¯'ÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼"ºÎÆÐÇÑ Èĺ¸ÀÚ°¡ Ã⸶ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ø ¸·´Â´Ù¸é¿ì¸® °ÍÀ» ºô·Áµå¸±°Ô¿ä." Until a few months ago,Guatemala was ruled by corrupt former military officialswith ties to organized crime.People were generally aware of this,but most of them felt powerless to do anything about it --until one group of citizens, just 12 regular people,put out a call on Facebook to their friendsto meet in the central plaza, holding signs with a message:"Renuncia YA" --resign already.To their surprise,30,000 people showed up.They stayed there for months as protests spread throughout the country.At one point,the organizers delivered hundreds of eggs to various government buildingswith a message:"If you don't have the huevos" --the balls --"to stop corrupt candidates from running for office,you can borrow ours."
4:20 (¿ôÀ½) (Laughter)4:22 (¹Ú¼ö) (Applause)
4:27 ¸ô¸®³ª ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÀÀÀ¸·ÎÀý´ë »çÀÓÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇß½À´Ï´Ù.±×¸®°í È°µ¿°¡µéÀº ½ÃÀ§¸¸ Çϰųª ´ëÅë·ÉÀ» ¹°·¯³ª°Ô ºÎŹÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº¾È µÇ°Ú´Ù°í ´À²¼½À´Ï´Ù.´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ¹°·¯³¯ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾øµµ·Ï ÇؾßÇß½À´Ï´Ù.±×·¡¼ ±×µéÀºÀü±¹¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ÃÑÆľ÷À» °èȹÇß½À´Ï´Ù.°úÅ׸»¶ó½Ã¿¡¼¸¸400°³°¡ ³Ñ´Â »ç¾÷ü¿Í Çб³°¡ Æľ÷Çß½À´Ï´Ù.±×µ¿¾È³óºÎµéÀÌ Àü±¹ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä µµ·Î¸¦ ¸·¾Æ¼¹½À´Ï´Ù.5Àϸ¸¿¡´ëÅë·ÉÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇѼö½Ê ¸íÀÇ °ø¹«¿øµéÀÌ'ÀÌ¹Ì »çÀÓ'Çß½À´Ï´Ù. President Molina respondedby vowing that we would never step down.And the activists realized that they couldn't just keep protestingand ask the president to resign.They needed to leave him no choice.So they organized a general strike,in which people throughout the country refused to work.In Guatemala City alone,over 400 businesses and schools shut their doors.Meanwhile,farmers throughout the country blocked major roads.Within five days,the president,along with dozens of other government officials,resigned already.
5:33 Àü ¼¼°èÀÇ È°µ¿°¡µéÀÌ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÈÁ¦°¡ µÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.ÇÏÀÚ¸¸ ÀÌ·± °³º°ÀûÀÎ È°µ¿µéÀº Å« ¿ªÈ°À» ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.´õ Å« Àü·«ÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¸»ÀÌÁÒ.À屺Àº º´»ç¸¦ À̲ø°í ÀüÀïÅÍ·Î ÇâÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.ÀÌ±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °èȹÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÇÑ ¸»ÀÌÁÒÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼¼°èÀÇ ºñÆø·Â ¿îµ¿ÀÌ ÁøÇàµË´Ï´Ù.ºñÆø·ÂÀúÇ×Àº ÀüÀïó·³ º¹ÀâÇÕ´Ï´Ù.´õ ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ¿ä.È°µ¿°¡Àº ¹Ýµå½Ã ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ°í ºÐ¸íÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.±×¸®°í ÁöµµÀÚ´Â ¸ñÇ¥ ¼ºÃ븦 À§ÇÑ Àü·«ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Activists around the world are getting better at grabbing headlines,but these isolated actions do very littleif they're not part of a larger strategy.A general wouldn't march his troops into battleunless he had a plan to win the war.Yet this is how most of the world's nonviolent movements operate.Nonviolent struggle is just as complex as military warfare,if not more.Its participants must be well-trained and have clear objectives,and its leaders must have a strategy of how to achieve those objectives.
6:34 ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎ´ÂISIS¿ÍÀÇ ÀüÀïÀÌ ±³Âø»óÅ¿¡ ºüÁ³´Ù°í ¹àÇû½À´Ï´Ù.ÇÏÁö¸¸ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸ð¸£´Â ºÎºÐÀººñÆø·Â ÇൿÀ¸·Î ISIS¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.ISIS°¡ 2014³â 6¿ù¿¡ ¸ð¼úÀ» Á¡·ÉÇßÀ» ¶§±×µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ±Ø´ÜÁÖÀǸ¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ±³°ú°úÁ¤À»¼¼¿ì°Ú´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇß½À´Ï´Ù.ÇÏÁö¸¸ °³±³ÇÑ Ã¹ ³¯¾î¶² ¾ÆÀ̵鵵 µî±³ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.ºÎ¸ðµéÀÌ °£´ÜÈ÷ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» º¸³»´Â °ÍÀ» °ÅºÎÇß´ø °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.±×¸®°í ÇкθðµéÀº ±âÀڵ鿡°Ô ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¼¼³ú¸¦ ´çÇÏ°Ô µÎ´À´ÏÁý¿¡¼ °¡¸£Ä¡°Ú´Ù°í ¸»Çß½À´Ï´Ù. The US government recently admittedthat it's in a stalemate in its war against ISIS.But what most people don't knowis that people have stood up to ISIS using nonviolent action.When ISIS captured Mosul in June 2014,they announced that they were putting in place a new public school curriculum,based on their own extremist ideology.But on the first day of school,not a single child showed up.Parents simply refused to send them.They told journalists they would rather homeschool their childrenthan to have them brainwashed.