´Ü¼ø ÇöÀç ½ÃÁ¦(Simple Present Tense)
¿µ¾îÀÇ ±âº» ½ÃÁ¦´Â ´Ü 3°¡Áö(°ú°Å/ÇöÀç/¹Ì·¡)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡ °¢°¢ "¿Ï·á/ÁøÇà"ÀÌ ºÙÀ¸¸é ¸ðµÎ 12°³ ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
±× ù¹ø° [´Ü¼ø Simple ½ÃÁ¦¸¦]º¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.
1. ´Ü¼ø½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ ÀǹÌ
°ú°Å / ÇöÀç / ¹Ì·¡ ÇÑ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡ "ÀϾî³/ ÀϾ´Â/ ÀϾ" ³»¿ëÀ» ´ã½À´Ï´Ù.
2. ´Ü¼ø½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ ÇüÅ ¹× ¿¹
¿¹) I sing / I dance
*Á־ »ïÀÎĪ+´Ü¼ö+ÇöÀç ÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â µ¿»ç¿¡s¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
¿¹) He sings. / He dances.
3. ºÎÁ¤¹® ¹× Àǹ®¹®
ºÎÁ¤¹®- do not + µ¿»ç¿øÇü
¿¹) I do not sing.
Àǹ®¹®- Do ÁÖ¾î + µ¿»ç¿øÇü
¿¹) Do I sing?
*Á־ »ïÀÎĪ+´Ü¼ö+ÇöÀç ÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â does¸¦ ¾´´Ù
¿¹) He does not sing. / Does he dance?
4. ´Ü¼ø ÇöÀçÀÇ ¾²ÀÓ
´Ü¼øÇöÀç½ÃÁ¦´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¾²ÀδÙ.
1) ÇöÀçÀÇ ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â µ¿ÀÛ°ú »óÅÂ
ex) He goes to school at 8:00.
¡¡¡¡He is a student.
2) ÇöÀçÀÇ ½À°ü°ú ¹ö¸©
ex) I get up at 5:30 and go swimming at 6:00 every morning.
3) ½Ã°£À» ÃÊ¿ùÇÑ ÀϹÝÀû »ç½Ç, Áø¸®, °Ý¾ð
ex) The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
¡¡¡¡(ÇØ´Â µ¿ÂÊ¿¡¼ ¶°¼ ¼ÂÊÀ¸·Î Áø´Ù.)
4) »óÅ µ¿»ç(be, have, hear, see, etc.)´Â ÇöÀç ½ÃÁ¦·Î ¾²¿©¼ ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ½ÃÁ¡À» Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
ex) I smell gas.
¡¡¡¡Do you see that green bird near the stream?
¢Å ½Ã°£/Á¶°ÇÀý ¢Å
½Ã°£ºÎ»çÀý(when, after, as soon as, before, by the time)°ú Á¶°ÇºÎ»çÀý(if, unless)¿¡¼´Â ÇöÀç°¡
¹Ì·¡¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇϹǷΠ¹Ì·¡ ½ÃÁ¦ ´ë½Å ÇöÀç ½ÃÁ¦¸¦, ±×¸®°í ¹Ì·¡¿Ï·á ½ÃÁ¦ ´ë½Å ÇöÀç¿Ï·á½ÃÁ¦¸¦ ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ex) We'll go home when the rain will stop.(¡¿)
¡¡¡¡¡æ We'll go home when the rain stops.
¡¡¡¡You'll feel a lot better after you've had a rest.
¡Ø ÁÖÀÇ
(a) ¸í»çÀý°ú °ü°è ´ë¸í»çÀý¿¡¼´Â ¹Ì·¡ ½ÃÁ¦¸¦ ¾´´Ù.
ex) I don't know when she will go home.(°£Á¢Àǹ®¹®-¸í»çÀý)
(b) Á¶°ÇÀý¿¡ will/would(=wish)°¡ ¾²¿© ÁÖ¾îÀÇ ¼Ò¸ÁÀ̳ª ÀÇÁö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ex) Everything will be all right if you will all do as you are told.
¢Å ¹Ì·¡¢Å
¹Ì·¡ ½ÃÁ¦´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
1) will, shall: ´Ü¼ø¹Ì·¡¿Í ÀÇÁö¹Ì·¡¿¡ ¾²ÀδÙ.
ex) I'll be twenty-four in June.
2) ´Ü¼øÇöÀç½ÃÁ¦: ¿Õ·¡ ¹ßÂøµ¿»ç(go, come, start, depart, arrive, run)°¡ ½Ã°£ºÎ»ç¿Í ÇÔ²² ¾²¿© °¡±î¿î ¹Ì·¡¸¦
³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
ex) I start for Italy next Monday.
3) be going to do: ÇöÀç°¡ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ°Å³ª ÁÖ¾îÀÇ ÀÇÁö·Î ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ÇàÀ§°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¶§ ¾´´Ù.
ex) It is going to snow in the afternoon. Look at those black clouds.
¡¡¡¡(¿ÀÈÄ¿¡ ´«ÀÌ ¿Ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Àú ¸Ô±¸¸§µé Á» ºÁ¶ó.)
¡¡¡¡When are you going to get married?
4) ÁøÇàÇü: ÁøÇàÇüÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© °¡±î¿î ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ÀϾ ÀÏÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
ex) I'm taking the children to the zoo on Sunday.
5) ±âŸ: be about to, be willing to, be likely to, be to µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
ex) We were about to start, when it began to rain.
¢Å °ú°Å¢Å
°ú°ÅÀÇ ÀÏȸ¼º µ¿ÀÛÀ̳ª ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ »óŸ¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ¾²ÀδÙ.
1) ´Ü¼ø °ú°Å»ç½Ç: °ú°Å ¹ß»ýÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ¸»ÇÒ ¶§ ¾²ÀδÙ.
ex) I heard the news an hour ago.
¡¡¡¡She studied music while she was in Paris.
2) °ú°ÅÀÇ ½À°ü: ÁÖ·Î ºóµµºÎ»ç(always often µî), °æÇè Ç¥½Ã ºÎ»ç(once, before µî)¿Í ÇÔ²² ¾²¿© °ú°ÅÀÇ ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ
½À°üÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
ex) He wanted a room of his own.
¡Ø ÁÖÀÇ used to(°ú°ÅÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ ½À°üÀ̳ª »óÅÂ)¿Í would(°ú°ÅÀÇ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ ½À°ü)´Â ºóµµ ºÎ»ç°¡ ¾ø¾îµµ ½À°üÀ»
³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ex) I used to go to the cinema a lot, but I haven't got much time these days.
¡¡¡¡When we worked in the same office, we would (often) have coffee together.
¢Å ÁøÇà¢Å
µ¿ÀÛ µ¿»ç°¡ ÀÏÁ¤ ±â°£ µ¿¾È ÁøÇàµÉ ¶§ ¾´´Ù.
1) ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ½ÃÁ¡¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ÇöÀçÁøÇà, °ú°ÅÁøÇà, ¹Ì·¡ÁøÇà ½ÃÁ¦·Î ºÐ·ùµÈ´Ù.
ex) The room is getting dark.
¡¡¡¡What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday?
¡¡¡¡He will be lecturing on the romantic poets tomorrow.
2) °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¡¿¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ÇൿÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ±× ½ÃÁ¡¿¡µµ °è¼ÓµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¿Ï·á ÁøÇà ½ÃÁ¦¸¦ ¾´´Ù.
½ÃÁ¡¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ÇöÀç ¿Ï·á ÁøÇà, °ú°Å ¿Ï·á ÁøÇà, ±×¸®°í ¹Ì·¡ ¿Ï·á ÁøÇà ½ÃÁ¦·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù.
ex) We've been learning this language for ten years.
¡¡¡¡I'll have been teaching for twenty years this summer.
¡¡¡¡We realized we had been living too expensively.
3) ÁøÇàÇüÀ¸·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â µ¿»ç:
(1) °¨Á¤, ½É¸® µ¿»ç : like, hate. love etc.
(2) °¨°¢, Áö°¢ µ¿»ç : hear, see, feel, smell, look etc.
(3) ¼Ò¼Ó, ¼ÒÀ¯ µ¿»ç : belong, have, consist etc.
(4) ±âŸ : know, remember, think, resemble, want etc.
ex) Look at this picture. It is belonging to me.(¡¿)
¡¡¡¡¡æ Look at this picture. It belongs to me.
¡Ø ÁÖÀÇ ÁøÇàÇüÀ¸·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â µ¿»çµéµµ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ÀǹÌÇÒ °æ¿ì´Â ÁøÇà ½ÃÁ¦·Î ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ex) The director is seeing the applicants this morning.
¡¡¡¡(see´Â "º¸ÀÌ´Ù"ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó "¸éÁ¢ÇÏ´Ù"ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù.)
¢Å ÇöÀç¿Ï·á¢Å
°ú°Å¿¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ µ¿ÀÛÀÌ ÇöÀç±îÁö Áö¼ÓµÇ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ¿Ï·á½ÃÁ¦¸¦ ¾´´Ù.
»óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ "¿Ï·á, °æÇè, °è¼Ó, °á°ú"ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â´Ù.
ex) I have just finished my dinner.(¿Ï·á)
¡¡¡¡I've cut me my finger.(°á°ú)
¡¡¡¡-¼Õ°¡¶ôÀ» º£¾î ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ÇÇ°¡ È帣°í Àְųª, »óó°¡ ¾Æ¹°Áö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¡¡¡¡I have smoked since I left school.(°è¼Ó)
¡¡¡¡I have never seen a house as beautiful as this.(°æÇè)
¢Å Since¢Å
since´Â "¢¦ÇÑ ÀÌ·¡"ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Á¢¼Ó»ç, ÀüÄ¡»ç, ºÎ»ç·Î ¾²ÀδÙ.
°Á¶Çϱâ À§Çؼ ever since¸¦ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖÀý¿¡´Â ¿Ï·á½ÃÁ¦°¡ ¿Â´Ù.
1) Á¢¼Ó»ç: sinceÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç¿¡´Â ´Ü¼ø°ú°Å½ÃÁ¦°¡ ¿Â´Ù.
ex) We've been friends since we met at school.
2) ÀüÄ¡»ç: ÀüÄ¡»çÀÏ ¶§´Â ¿øÀÎÀÇ ¶æÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ "¢¦ÇÑ ÀÌ·¡"ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
sinceÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î¿¡´Â °ú °Å ÇÑ ½ÃÁ¡À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¾î±¸°¡ ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ex) It has not changed since three years.(¡¿)
¡¡¡¡¡æ It has not changed since three years ago.
3) ºÎ»ç: ¹®Àå µÚ³ª µ¿»ç µÚ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù.
ex) The accident happened four years ago and she has not spoken since.
¢Å ¹Ì·¡¿Ï·á½ÃÁ¦¢Å
¹Ì·¡ ¾î´À ƯÁ¤ ½ÃÁ¡±îÁöÀÇ µ¿ÀÛ ¶Ç´Â »óŸ¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
ex) I shall have read the book by next week.(¿Ï·á)
¡¡¡¡In the 2000, we'll have been married for thirty years.(°è¼Ó)
¡¡¡¡I will have read the book three times if I read it again.(°æÇè)
¡¡¡¡We will have left our home by this time tomorrow.(°á°ú)
¢Å °ú°Å¿Ï·á½ÃÁ¦¢Å
°ú°Å ÀÌÀü¿¡ ½ÃÀÛµÇ¾î °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¡±îÁö ÇàÀ§°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
ex) Everything went on as I had expected.(´ë°ú°Å)
¡¡¡¡When we got to the station the train had left.(¿Ï·á)
¡¡¡¡John had lived in Paris for ten years when I met him.(°è¼Ó)
¡¡¡¡I hadn't met him before.(°æÇè)
¡¡¡¡He had gone to the United States.(°á°ú)
¢Å Last, past¢Å
1) last + ½Ã°£¸í»ç: ÇöÀ縦 ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿© "Áö³"ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â´Ù.
°ú°Å ÇÑ ¼ø°£À» ³ªÅ¸³»¹Ç·Î Ç×»ó °ú°Å½ÃÁ¦¿Í ¾²ÀδÙ.
ex) Did you watch the game on TV last night?(= in the night before this)
¡Ø ÁÖÀÇ ÀüÄ¡»çÀÎ in, at, on, for, during µî°ú ÇÔ²² ¾²ÀÏ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
ex) All the bills were paid in last month.(¡¿)
¡¡¡¡¡æ All the bills were paid last month.
2) the + last + ½Ã°£¸í»ç: °ú°Å ÇÑ ½ÃÁ¡À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ ¼ø°£±îÁö µ¿ÀÛÀÌ À̾îÁö±â¶§¹®¿¡
ÇöÀç¿Ï·á½ÃÁ¦¿Í ¾²ÀδÙ.
ex) Fashion has changed in the last twenty years.(= for the last twenty years)
3) the + past + ½Ã°£¸í»ç: "Áö³"ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π°ú°Å ¾î´À ½ÃÁ¡À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÖ±Ù±îÁö ÇàÀ§°¡ À̾îÁö±â ¶§¹®¿¡
ÇöÀç¿Ï·á½ÃÁ¦¿Í ¾²ÀδÙ.
ex) In the past year, Shane's changed his job three times.
¢Å Ago, before¢Å
1) ago: ÇöÀ縦 ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿© °ú°Å ÇÑ ½ÃÁ¡À» ¸»Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ´Ü¼ø °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦¿Í ¾²ÀδÙ.
ex) He left Seoul ten minutes ago.(½ÊºÐ Àü)
¡Ø ÁÖÀÇ the, this, that µî°ú °°ÀÌ ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í "a/¼ýÀÚ+½Ã°£¸í»ç+ago"ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¾²ÀδÙ.
ex) this ten years ago(¡¿) ¡æ ten years ago
cf) It doesn't resemble the one of three years ago.
2) before: ÁÖ·Î ¿Ï·á½ÃÁ¦¿Í ÇÔ²² ¾²ÀÌÁö¸¸, ÇöÀç·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ú°Å¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¶§µµ ¾²ÀδÙ.
ex) I've seen that film before.
¡¡¡¡It has been fine the day before.
¡¡¡¡Last week she was in paris and week before she was in Rome.
¢Å For, in, during ¢Å
1) for: ½Ã°£ ¸í»ç¿Í ¾²¿©¼ ¾î¶² ÇàÀ§³ª »óȲÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¿À·§µ¿¾È Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â°¡¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù
ex) He's been working for two months.(±×´Â µÎ ´Þ µ¿¾È ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.)
¡Ø ÁÖÀÇ "for+½Ã°£¸í»ç"´Â ´Ü¼ø ÇöÀç ½ÃÁ¦¿Í ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ex) He works for the company for ten years.(¡¿)
¡¡¡¡¡æ He has worked for the company for ten years.
2) during: ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ±â°£, ½ÃÁ¡¿¡ ¾²À̹ǷΠ½Ã°£¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡ "the/that/these/those/¼ÒÀ¯°Ý" µîÀÌ ¿Â´Ù.
ex) We didn't see a soul during the holidays.
¡¡¡¡(°øÈÞÀÏ µ¿¾È ÇÑ »ç¶÷µµ º¸Áö ¸øÇß´Ù.)
¡Ø ÁÖÀÇ "¼ýÀÚ+½Ã°£¸í»ç"¿¡´Â ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í ´ë½Å for°¡ ¾²ÀδÙ.
ex) He has been married during twenty years.(¡¿)
¡¡¡¡¡æ He has been married for twenty years.
3) in: "in+°ú°Å ƯÁ¤ ½Ã°£¸í»ç"¿¡¼ inÀº "¾î¶² ±â°£Áß ÇÑ ½ÃÁ¡"(at some time during)À» ³ªÅ¸³»±â ¶§¹®¿¡
Ç×»ó ´Ü¼ø°ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦¿Í ¾²ÀδÙ.
ex) For the first time, he visited New York in 1996.
¢Å By, until, before, after ¢Å
1) by: ½Ã°£ ¸í»ç¿Í ¾²À̸é `¢¦±îÁö'ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÛÀÇ ¿Ï·á¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
ex) The documents need to be ready by next Friday.
2) until, till: ¾î´À ½ÃÁ¡±îÁöÀÇ °è¼ÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
ex) Gary was working for the company until 1995.
3) before: before ´ÙÀ½¿¡ °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¡ÀÌ ¿À¸é ÁÖÀýÀº °ú°Å³ª °ú°Å¿Ï·á¸¦ ¾´´Ù.
ÇöÀç ½ÃÁ¡ÀÌ ¿À¸é ÁÖÀýÀº ¹Ì·¡³ª ¹Ì·¡¿Ï·á¸¦ ¾´´Ù.
ex) Did she leave a message before she went?
¡¡¡¡It will be sometime before we know the full results.
¡¡¡¡The new road should be completed before the end of the year.
4) after: after ´ÙÀ½¿¡ °ú°Å/°ú°Å¿Ï·á ½ÃÁ¡ÀÌ ¿À¸é ÁÖÀýÀº °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦¸¦ ¾²°í, ÇöÀç/ÇöÀç¿Ï·á ½ÃÁ¦°¡ ¿À¸é
ÁÖÀýÀº ¹Ì·¡ ½ÃÁ¦¸¦ ¾´´Ù.
ex) What did you do after you had called the police?
¡¡¡¡You'll feel a lot better after you've had a rest.
¢Å ºÒ±ÔÄ¢µ¿»ç ¢Å
ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ µ¿»ç´Â ½ÃÇè¿¡ ÀÚÁÖ ÃâÁ¦µÇ¹Ç·Î ¾Ï±âÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
find-found-found ¡¡beat-beat-beaten
break-broke-broken¡¡choose-chose-chosen
wear-wore-worn¡¡freeze-froze-frozen
hide-hid-hidden¡¡tear-tore-torn
burst-burst-burst¡¡cost-cost-cost
hurt-hurt-hurt¡¡cut-cut-cut
let-let-let¡¡put-put-put
set-set-set¡¡shut-shut-shut
spread-spread-spread¡¡hit-hit-hit
ex) Several people were seriously hurted in the accident.(¡¿)
¡¡¡¡¡æ Several people were seriously hurt in the accident.
¢Å ½ÃÁ¦ÀÏÄ¡¢Å
ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç°¡ °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦À̸é Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦´Â ³»¿ë¿¡ µû¶ó¼ °ú°Å³ª °ú°Å¿Ï·á°¡ µÈ´Ù.
ex) I told you that the road was closed.
¡¡¡¡He told us that the bridge had collapsed.
¡Ø ÁÖÀÇ ´ÙÀ½Àº ½ÃÁ¦¸¦ ÀÏÄ¡½ÃÅ°Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
1) ºÒº¯ÀÇ Áø¸®, ÀϹÝÀû »ç½Ç, ÇöÀçÀÇ ½À°ü
ex) We learned at school that 2 and 2 is 4.
2) °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å, °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·á, °¡Á¤¹ý ¹Ì·¡
ex) He said, "If my children were older I would emigrate."
¡¡¡¡He said that if his children were older he would emigrate.